T\u00fcrk aile hukukunda \u00e7ocuk teslimi ve \u00e7ocukla ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na dair ilamlar\u0131n icras\u0131, velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131nda yer alan son derece hassas bir konudur. Tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te bu ilamlar\u0131n yerine getirilmesi, kamu vicdan\u0131n\u0131 yaralayan ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun ruhsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc zedeleyen bir usul \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7ocu\u011fun bir bor\u00e7 konusu veya bor\u00e7lunun mal\u0131 gibi cebri icra organlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla teslim al\u0131nmas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f hukuk ilkelerinin ruhuna a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmekteydi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk hukukunda ise bu geleneksel anlay\u0131\u015f tamamen terk edilerek \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 ilkesi merkeze al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, icra sisteminden tamamen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7 koruyucu, destekleyici ve pedagojik bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.
\nS\u00f6z konusu k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, 7343 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelerin \u00c7ocuk Koruma Kanunu b\u00fcnyesine aktar\u0131lmas\u0131yla somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fclga \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunku h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca icra dairelerince ve icra memurlar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7ocuk teslimi i\u015flemleri, art\u0131k Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesindeki Adli Destek ve Ma\u011fdur Hizmetleri M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri taraf\u0131ndan icra edilmektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 41. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ailenin korunmas\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131 ilkesi ile Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 3. maddesinde yer alan \u00e7ocu\u011fun y\u00fcksek yarar\u0131 ilkesi, yeni yasal d\u00fczenlemenin temel felsefesini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Kanuni dayanaklar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, \u00e7ocuk teslimine veya \u00e7ocukla ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na dair ilam veya tedbir kararlar\u0131, tamamen har\u00e7tan ve masraftan muaf tutularak, valilikler ve belediyelerce \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanan \u00e7ocuk teslim merkezlerinde yerine getirilmektedir.
\nBu yeni hukuki rejimde, teslim s\u00fcrecinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda psikolog, pedagog, sosyal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 gibi adli destek uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n yer almas\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lam\u0131n gereklerini r\u0131zas\u0131yla yerine getirmeyen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcye \u00f6ncelikle uzmanlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurulmakta, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00f6rselenmesini \u00f6nleyecek yap\u0131c\u0131 ve ikna edici y\u00f6ntemler denenmektedir. Kolluk kuvvetlerinin s\u00fcrece d\u00e2hil olmas\u0131 veya zor kullanma halleri ise ancak son \u00e7are olarak ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedensel ile ruhsal geli\u015fimine zarar vermeyecek kesin s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay ve Anayasa Mahkesi kararlar\u0131nda da s\u0131kl\u0131kla vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131 sadece velayet hakk\u0131na sahip olmayan ebeveynin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ocu\u011fun da en temel hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00e7ocuk teslimine muhalefet edilmesi durumunda uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar da \u00c7ocuk Koruma Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f; ilam\u0131n gereklerine uymayan bor\u00e7lu hakk\u0131nda disiplin hapsi veya tazyik hapsi gibi cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 hukuki yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durum, yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarken \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 koruma dengesini de titizlikle g\u00f6zetmektedir.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak, T\u00fcrk hukukunda \u00e7ocuk teslimi ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131 alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen reform, \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131 odakl\u0131 bir paradigma de\u011fi\u015fimini simgelemektedir. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n icra memurlar\u0131 ve haciz marifetiyle ebeveynlerinden kopar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 travmatik d\u00f6nem geride b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bunun yerine adli destek uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n rehberli\u011finde h\u00fcmanist ve pedagojik bir usul in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Mevzuat\u0131n sundu\u011fu bu \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evenin uygulamadaki aksakl\u0131klardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131larak etkin bir \u015fekilde i\u015fletilmesi, hem yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n otoritesini koruyacak hem de T\u00fcrk aile yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve gelece\u011fimizin teminat\u0131 olan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n psikolojik ve sosyal esenli\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrk aile hukukunda \u00e7ocuk teslimi ve \u00e7ocukla ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na dair ilamlar\u0131n icras\u0131, velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131nda yer alan son derece hassas bir konudur. Tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te bu ilamlar\u0131n yerine getirilmesi, kamu vicdan\u0131n\u0131 yaralayan ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun ruhsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc zedeleyen bir usul \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7ocu\u011fun bir bor\u00e7 konusu veya bor\u00e7lunun mal\u0131 gibi cebri icra […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3074,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bosanma-nafaka-mal-paylasimi-velayet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3075"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3234,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3075\/revisions\/3234"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}