M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ve bu hakka ba\u011fl\u0131 zilyetlik, T\u00fcrk Hukuk Sisteminde Anayasa ve T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu g\u00fcvencesi alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f temel haklardand\u0131r. Ayni veya \u015fahsi bir hakka dayanarak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve teslimi talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar sonucunda elde edilen mahkeme kararlar\u0131, kendili\u011finden icra kabiliyeti ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131p cebri icra organlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesini gerektirmektedir. Mahkemelerce verilen kararlar\u0131n ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalmamas\u0131 ve hak arama h\u00fcrriyetinin fiilen tecelli etmesi, ilamlar\u0131n icras\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n etkinli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz tahliye ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet veya zilyetlik hakk\u0131na kavu\u015fmas\u0131 ile bor\u00e7lunun usul\u00fc g\u00fcvenceleri aras\u0131ndaki hassas dengenin g\u00f6zetildi\u011fi \u00f6zel bir ilaml\u0131 takip usul\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmektedir.
\nTa\u015f\u0131nmaz tahliye ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131na ili\u015fkin temel yasal d\u00fczenlemeler, 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun yirmi alt\u0131nc\u0131 ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Yasal mevzuat uyar\u0131nca, bor\u00e7lunun elinde bulunan bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n alacakl\u0131ya teslimine veya bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ilam icra dairesine verildi\u011finde, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc bor\u00e7luya bir icra emri tebli\u011f eder. Kanuni d\u00fczenlemede dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken en kritik hususlardan biri, s\u00f6z konusu ilam\u0131n icraya konulabilmesi i\u00e7in kesinle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekip gerekmedi\u011fidir. Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu uyar\u0131nca, gayrimenkule ve buna ili\u015fkin ayni haklara dair ilamlar kesinle\u015fmedik\u00e7e icra olunamaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, m\u00fclkiyet tespitine, istihkaka veya tescile dayal\u0131 tahliye kararlar\u0131nda ilam\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Ancak s\u0131rf \u015fahsi hakka dayanan, \u00f6rne\u011fin kira ili\u015fkisinden kaynaklanan tahliye ilamlar\u0131nda karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesi aranmaz ve ilam\u0131n bor\u00e7luya tebli\u011fi ile takip ba\u015flat\u0131labilir.
\n\u0130cra emrini alan bor\u00e7luya, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 tahliye etmesi ve teslim etmesi i\u00e7in yedi g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir s\u00fcre tan\u0131n\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bor\u00e7lu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131yla tahliye etmezse veya tehir-i icra karar\u0131 getirmezse, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan cebri tahliye i\u015flemine ba\u015flan\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tahliyesi esnas\u0131nda bor\u00e7lu veya temsilcisi haz\u0131r bulunmazsa ya da kap\u0131 kapal\u0131ysa, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7ilingir vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nmaza girerek zor kullanma yetkisini kolluk kuvvetleri marifetiyle kullanabilir. Tahliye s\u0131ras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz i\u00e7inde bulunan menkul e\u015fyalar, \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re bor\u00e7luya veya yetkili temsilcisine teslim edilir. Bor\u00e7lunun e\u015fyalar\u0131 teslim almaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da haz\u0131r bulunmamas\u0131 halinde, bu e\u015fyalar icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yediemine teslim edilir ve masraf\u0131 bor\u00e7ludan al\u0131nmak \u00fczere muhafaza alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r. Belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde al\u0131nmayan e\u015fyalar\u0131n icra dairesince sat\u0131larak bedelinin bor\u00e7lu ad\u0131na muhafazas\u0131 esas\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir.
\nTa\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tahliyesi s\u00fcrecinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli hukuki sorunlardan biri de ta\u015f\u0131nmazda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin bulunmas\u0131 durumudur. \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun ilgili maddesi uyar\u0131nca, ta\u015f\u0131nmazda bor\u00e7lu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi bulunursa ve bu ki\u015fi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 bor\u00e7lunun zilyetli\u011finden sonra i\u015fgal etti\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir belge sunamazsa, bor\u00e7lu gibi derhal tahliye edilir. Ancak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi, bor\u00e7lunun zilyetli\u011finden \u00f6nceki bir hakka dayanarak ta\u015f\u0131nmazda bulundu\u011funu iddia eder ve bunu usul\u00fcne uygun belgelerle tevsik ederse, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc durumu mahkemeye intikal ettirir. Mahkeme yapaca\u011f\u0131 inceleme sonucunda tahliyenin devam\u0131na veya durdurulmas\u0131na karar verir. Di\u011fer taraftan bor\u00e7lu, ilaml\u0131 icra takibine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst mahkemeye ba\u015fvurarak tehir-i icra prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015fletebilir. Bor\u00e7lunun teminat yat\u0131rmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda icra hukuk mahkemesinden veya yetkili \u00fcst mahkemeden alaca\u011f\u0131 icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131, tahliye i\u015flemini kanun yolu incelemesi sonuna kadar durdurur. Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 da ilaml\u0131 icrada hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ad\u0131na tehir-i icra m\u00fcessesesinin ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131n titizlikle uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz tahliye ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131, yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda elde edilen hukuki koruman\u0131n fiilen hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flayan hayati bir mekanizmad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Hukukunda bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet veya zilyetlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yeniden tesis etmeyi hedeflerken, bor\u00e7lunun ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 da kanuni g\u00fcvencelerle koruma alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lam\u0131n niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re kesinle\u015fme \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru tespiti, icra emri s\u00fcrelerine uyulmas\u0131, e\u015fyalar\u0131n muhafazas\u0131 usul\u00fc ve tehir-i icra m\u00fcessesesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, cebri icran\u0131n hukuka uygun bir \u015fekilde tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n icra edilebilirli\u011fi, hukuk devletinin en somut g\u00f6stergelerinden biri olup, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz tahliyesindeki hassas dengelerin idari ve yarg\u0131sal organlarca titizlikle uygulanmas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n etkin korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan elzemdir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ve bu hakka ba\u011fl\u0131 zilyetlik, T\u00fcrk Hukuk Sisteminde Anayasa ve T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu g\u00fcvencesi alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f temel haklardand\u0131r. Ayni veya \u015fahsi bir hakka dayanarak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve teslimi talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar sonucunda elde edilen mahkeme kararlar\u0131, kendili\u011finden icra kabiliyeti ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131p cebri icra organlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesini gerektirmektedir. Mahkemelerce verilen kararlar\u0131n ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalmamas\u0131 ve hak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3072,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-icra-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3073"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3235,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3073\/revisions\/3235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}