T\u00fcrk medeni usul ve icra iflas hukukunda, mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan verilen kararlar\u0131n cebr\u00ee icra organlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi, hak arama h\u00fcrriyetinin ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 bir unsurunu olu\u015fturur. \u0130laml\u0131 icra takibinin \u00f6zel bir t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fkil eden ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r teslimi ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet veya zilyetlik hakk\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak bir ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mal\u0131n kendisine verilmesini sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. Bu takip t\u00fcr\u00fcnde as\u0131l olan, ilamda g\u00f6sterilen ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mal\u0131n aynen teslim edilmesidir. Ancak uygulamada ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mal\u0131n y\u0131pranmas\u0131, kaybolmas\u0131, telef olmas\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lu elinde bulunmamas\u0131 gibi durumlarla s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r teslimi ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131, hem alacakl\u0131n\u0131n aynen ifaya ili\u015fkin hakk\u0131n\u0131 koruyan hem de e\u015fyan\u0131n bulunamamas\u0131 halinde parasal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tahsiline imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan ikili bir hukuki rejim \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.
\nTa\u015f\u0131n\u0131r teslimine ili\u015fkin ilamlar\u0131n cebr\u00ee icras\u0131n\u0131n temel yasal dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 24. maddesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. An\u0131lan madde, bir ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n teslimine dair ilam icra dairesine verildi\u011finde icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bor\u00e7luya bir icra emri tebli\u011f edece\u011fini d\u00fczenler. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun ilamlar\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesi ve eda h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ili\u015fkin genel ilkeleri de bu s\u00fcrecin hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7evesini \u00e7izer. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcstakar i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, icra dairesi ilam\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm f\u0131kras\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olup, ilam\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek veya geni\u015fletecek \u015fekilde yorum yapamaz. \u0130lam\u0131n aynen infaz\u0131 ilkesi uyar\u0131nca, takip konusu yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mal ilamda nas\u0131l belirtilmi\u015fse bor\u00e7ludan \u00f6ncelikle o \u015fekilde talep edilmek zorundad\u0131r.
\nS\u00fcrecin i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve de\u011ferlendirilmesi kapsam\u0131nda, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan bor\u00e7luya g\u00f6nderilen icra emrinde, ilam konusu ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde teslim edilmesi istenmektedir. Bor\u00e7lu bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mal\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131yla teslim etmezse, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mal\u0131 nerede bulursa bulsun zilyetli\u011finden al\u0131p alacakl\u0131ya teslim eder. Bor\u00e7lunun veya mal\u0131 elinde bulunduran ki\u015filerin diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermesi halinde, kolluk kuvvetlerinden yard\u0131m al\u0131narak zor kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mal bor\u00e7lunun zilyetli\u011finde bulunup \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiye devredilmi\u015fse veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin elinde tespit edilirse, \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 24. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin bu mal \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet veya iyiniyetli zilyetlik iddialar\u0131 genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ve hak sahipli\u011fi ilkesi g\u00f6zetilerek de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.
\nTa\u015f\u0131n\u0131r teslimi ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli hukuki mesele, ilam konusu ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mal\u0131n bor\u00e7lunun elinde bulunamamas\u0131, gizlenmesi veya yok olmas\u0131 durumunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Kanun koyucu bu ihtimali \u00f6ng\u00f6rerek \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 24. maddesinin ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131nda ikame bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm mekanizmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re, ilam konusu ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r bor\u00e7lunun elinde bulunmazsa, ilamda mal\u0131n de\u011feri belirtilmi\u015fse bu de\u011fer; belirtilmemi\u015fse icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan borsa, ticaret odas\u0131 veya ehil bilirki\u015filer marifetiyle ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n fiilen el konulaca\u011f\u0131 andaki rayi\u00e7 de\u011feri tespit edilir. Bor\u00e7ludan ilam konusu ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r yerine bu rayi\u00e7 de\u011fer, ayr\u0131ca yeni bir mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcne gerek kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n haciz yoluyla tahsil olunur. Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda, rayi\u00e7 de\u011ferin belirlenmesinde takibin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten ziyade fiili imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespiti ile haciz a\u015famas\u0131ndaki g\u00fcncel piyasa de\u011ferinin esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n enflasyon veya piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle zarara u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesini ve m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak, ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r teslimi ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131, T\u00fcrk icra hukukunda aynen ifa ilkesi ile alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fduriyetini \u00f6nlemeyi ama\u00e7layan ikame tazminat mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 dengeli bir \u015fekilde bir arada sunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 24. maddesi uyar\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bu usulde, \u00f6ncelikli hedef mal\u0131n aynen alacakl\u0131ya kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olmakla birlikte, bunun imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde mal\u0131n g\u00fcncel rayi\u00e7 de\u011ferinin haciz yoluyla tahsili, mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7suz kalmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemekte ve adalet mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n etkinli\u011fini peki\u015ftirmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fik kararlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u015fekillenen bu hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7, ilamlar\u0131n aynen infaz\u0131 kural\u0131na sad\u0131k kal\u0131rken, somut olay\u0131n gereklerine g\u00f6re esnek ve alacakl\u0131y\u0131 koruyucu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcreterek cebr\u00ee icra hukukunun temel gayesine hizmet etmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrk medeni usul ve icra iflas hukukunda, mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan verilen kararlar\u0131n cebr\u00ee icra organlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi, hak arama h\u00fcrriyetinin ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 bir unsurunu olu\u015fturur. \u0130laml\u0131 icra takibinin \u00f6zel bir t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fkil eden ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r teslimi ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet veya zilyetlik hakk\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak bir ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mal\u0131n kendisine verilmesini sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. Bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3070,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-icra-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3071"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3089,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3071\/revisions\/3089"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}