\u00c7ek, T\u00fcrk ticaret hayat\u0131nda nakit ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, ticari g\u00fcvenin tesisi ve bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerinin tasfiyesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hayati bir i\u015fleve sahip olan, kanunen emre yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir kambiyo senedidir. Kredi arac\u0131 olmaktan ziyade bir \u00f6deme arac\u0131 niteli\u011fini haiz olan \u00e7ek, muhatap bankaya hitaben yaz\u0131lan kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve \u015farts\u0131z bir \u00f6deme emrini ihtiva eder. Ticari ya\u015fam\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 ve dinamizmi gere\u011fi, \u00e7ek bedelinin s\u00fcresinde tahsil edilememesi veya \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 hallerinde alacakl\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak ve alaca\u011f\u0131na en h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde kavu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u00f6zel hukuki mekanizmalar ihdas edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ek takibinde hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7, senet metninin \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131na uygunlu\u011fundan ba\u015flayarak muhatap bankaya ibraz\u0131, ibraz sonras\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z i\u015fleminin yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, icra takibinin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve gerekti\u011finde cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n devreye sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan, s\u0131k\u0131 \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131na ve hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcrelere ba\u011fl\u0131 bir prosed\u00fcrd\u00fcr.
\n\u00c7ek takibine ili\u015fkin hukuki s\u00fcrecin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u015flat\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ilk a\u015fama, \u00e7ekin kanuni ibraz s\u00fcreleri i\u00e7erisinde muhatap bankaya ibraz edilmesidir. \u00c7ek d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi yerde \u00f6denecekse on g\u00fcn, d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi yerden ba\u015fka bir yerde \u00f6denecekse bir ay, farkl\u0131 k\u0131talarda d\u00fczenlenip \u00f6denecekse \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k ibraz s\u00fcrelerine tabidir. S\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde bankaya ibraz edilen \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 halinde, banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekin arkas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r ka\u015fesi vurulur ve durum \u015ferh edilir. Bu a\u015famadan sonra alacakl\u0131, kambiyo senedine m\u00fcstenit alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahsil etmek amac\u0131yla \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu uyar\u0131nca kambiyo senetlerine \u00f6zg\u00fc haciz yoluyla takip ba\u015flatma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r. Bu takip t\u00fcr\u00fc, genel haciz yoluna nazaran bor\u00e7lunun itiraz imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan ve alacakl\u0131ya daha h\u0131zl\u0131 haciz yapma imkan\u0131 tan\u0131yan \u00f6zel bir takip yoludur. Takibe ge\u00e7ilmeden \u00f6nce ciro silsilesinin kopuk olmamas\u0131, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n yetkili hamil s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ve \u00e7ekin kanuni unsurlar\u0131 eksiksiz bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 zorunludur. Alacakl\u0131, \u00e7ek ke\u015fidecisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ciro silsilesinde yer alan cirantalar\u0131 ve avalistleri de m\u00fcteselsil sorumluluk esas\u0131na dayanarak takip konusu yapabilir.
\n\u0130cra dairesi taraf\u0131ndan tanzim edilen \u00f6deme emri bor\u00e7luya tebli\u011f edildikten sonra, bor\u00e7lunun be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde itiraz ve \u015fikayet haklar\u0131 mevcuttur. Bor\u00e7lu, borcun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya \u00f6dendi\u011fine ili\u015fkin borca itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 ya da imzaya itiraz\u0131n\u0131 icra mahkemesine yapmak zorundad\u0131r. Genel haciz yolundan farkl\u0131 olarak, kambiyo senetlerine \u00f6zg\u00fc takipte icra dairesine yap\u0131lan itirazlar takibi kendili\u011finden durdurmaz; takibin durmas\u0131 ancak icra mahkemesinin verece\u011fi bir tedbir karar\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6deme emrine on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve takibin kesinle\u015fmesi halinde haciz a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilir. \u00d6te yandan, \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 sadece hukuki bir takip konusu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda idari ve cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara da ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bir fiildir. Hamile, \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, \u00e7eki d\u00fczenleyen ki\u015fi aleyhine \u015fikayet s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde icra ceza mahkemesinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 adli para cezas\u0131 verilmesi talebiyle dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nS\u00f6z konusu hukuki s\u00fcrecin normatif \u00e7er\u00e7evesi temel olarak \u00fc\u00e7 ana kanuna dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ekin kambiyo senedi niteli\u011fi, zorunlu \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131, ibraz s\u00fcreleri ve m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nun 780 ile 823. maddeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Takibin icra hukuku boyutunu, \u00f6deme emrinin tanzimini, bor\u00e7lunun itiraz usullerini ve haciz s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ise 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 167 ve devam\u0131 maddeleri \u015fekillendirmektedir. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek ke\u015fide edilmesinin idari ve cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ile bankalar\u0131n sorumluluk miktarlar\u0131 ise 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabidir. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, \u00e7ek takibinde s\u0131k\u0131 \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k takibin iptali sebebidir; ciro silsilesindeki kopukluklar veya ibraz s\u00fcrelerinin ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, senedin kambiyo vasf\u0131n\u0131 kaybettirerek alacakl\u0131n\u0131n kambiyo senetlerine \u00f6zg\u00fc h\u0131zl\u0131 takip yolundan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak, T\u00fcrk hukukunda \u00e7ek takibi, ticari senetlerin tedav\u00fcl kabiliyetini ve g\u00fcvenirli\u011fini korumay\u0131 hedefleyen, son derece h\u0131zl\u0131 i\u015fleyen ancak bir o kadar da \u015fekilci bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. \u0130braz s\u00fcrelerinden takip talebinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na, ciro silsilesinin denetiminden cezai \u015fikayet yollar\u0131na kadar her a\u015fama kanunla kat\u0131 kurallara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, alaca\u011f\u0131n zam zamana u\u011framadan tahsili ve kamu d\u00fczenini ilgilendiren cezai s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin do\u011fru y\u00f6netilmesi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu, \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu ile \u00c7ek Kanunu\u2019nun getirdi\u011fi d\u00fczenlemelerin ve Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131n titizlikle uygulanmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00c7ek takibinin etkinli\u011fi, ticari piyasalardaki g\u00fcven ortam\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fine do\u011frudan katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c7ek, T\u00fcrk ticaret hayat\u0131nda nakit ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, ticari g\u00fcvenin tesisi ve bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerinin tasfiyesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hayati bir i\u015fleve sahip olan, kanunen emre yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir kambiyo senedidir. Kredi arac\u0131 olmaktan ziyade bir \u00f6deme arac\u0131 niteli\u011fini haiz olan \u00e7ek, muhatap bankaya hitaben yaz\u0131lan kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve \u015farts\u0131z bir \u00f6deme emrini ihtiva eder. Ticari ya\u015fam\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 ve dinamizmi gere\u011fi, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3060,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-icra-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3061"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3061\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3084,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3061\/revisions\/3084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3061"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}