{"id":2800,"date":"2026-07-11T12:02:55","date_gmt":"2026-07-11T12:02:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/?p=2800"},"modified":"2026-07-12T22:30:16","modified_gmt":"2026-07-12T22:30:16","slug":"tarimsal-amacli-kooperatiflerin-hukuki-statusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/2026\/07\/11\/tarimsal-amacli-kooperatiflerin-hukuki-statusu\/","title":{"rendered":"Tar\u0131msal Ama\u00e7l\u0131 Kooperatiflerin Hukuki Stat\u00fcs\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tar\u0131msal ama\u00e7l\u0131 kooperatifler, \u00f6zellikle k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde \u00fcreticilerin ekonomik ve sosyal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kolektif \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan, demokratik esaslara g\u00f6re kurulan ve kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00fcden kurulu\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kooperatifler, anayasal d\u00fczeyde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f (AY m. 171) olup, tar\u0131msal kooperatifler hem 1163 say\u0131l\u0131 Kooperatifler Kanunu hem de Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu makalenin amac\u0131, tar\u0131msal ama\u00e7l\u0131 kooperatiflerin hukuki stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, normatif \u00e7er\u00e7evesi, t\u00fczel ki\u015filik \u00f6zellikleri, \u00fcyelik ili\u015fkisi, devletle ili\u015fkileri ve denetim mekanizmalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ortaya koymakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Normatif \u00c7er\u00e7eve<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Anayasal Dayanak<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 171. maddesi, devletin kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fi te\u015fvik edece\u011fini d\u00fczenler. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, tar\u0131msal ama\u00e7l\u0131 kooperatiflere&nbsp;<strong>pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131labilmesi<\/strong>&nbsp;ve devlet deste\u011finin hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan temel normdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kooperatifler Kanunu (1163)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1163 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de t\u00fcm kooperatiflerin temel kanunudur. Tar\u0131msal ama\u00e7l\u0131 kooperatifler bu kanuna tabidir. Kanun, kooperatiflerin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>kurulu\u015funu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>i\u015fleyi\u015fini,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkilerini,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>organlar\u0131n\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sorumluluk ve denetim mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00fczenlemeleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tar\u0131msal ama\u00e7l\u0131 kooperatifler; Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan \u201ckonu bazl\u0131 \u00f6zel kooperatif\u201d niteli\u011finde kabul edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hukuki Nitelik ve T\u00fczel Ki\u015filik<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00d6zel Hukuk T\u00fczel Ki\u015fisi Olma<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tar\u0131msal kooperatifler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015fisi<\/strong>dir,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ancak\u00a0<strong>kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan<\/strong>\u00a0bir yap\u0131lanma \u00f6zelli\u011fine de sahiptir,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>demokratik y\u00f6netim ilkesine dayan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re kooperatifler&nbsp;<strong>\u015firket niteli\u011finde \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri<\/strong>&nbsp;olup (\u00f6r., Yarg. 11. HD, E. 2019\/\u2026 K. 2020\/\u2026), taraf olduklar\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar adli yarg\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kar Amac\u0131 G\u00fctmeme<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kooperatifler do\u011frudan kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmemekle birlikte:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ekonomik faaliyet yapabilir,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ticari i\u015fletme kurabilir,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>k\u00e2r edebilir. (Buradaki ayr\u0131m \u00f6nemlidir:\u00a0<strong>Kooperatifin amac\u0131 k\u00e2r da\u011f\u0131tmak de\u011fil, ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik menfaatlerini korumakt\u0131r.<\/strong>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ortakl\u0131k \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dcyelik ili\u015fkisi, kooperatiflerin temel unsurlar\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ortakl\u0131k \u015eartlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filer \u00fcye olabilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tar\u0131msal faaliyette bulunan veya tar\u0131mla ilgisi olan \u00fcreticiler \u00f6nceliklidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00dcyelik ba\u015fvurusu y\u00f6netim kurulunca karara ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ortaklar\u0131n Hak ve Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ortaklar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sermaye pay\u0131 \u00f6deme,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kooperatifle i\u015f yapma,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>genel kurul kararlar\u0131na uyma,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aidat veya hizmet bedeli \u00f6deme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba\u015fl\u0131ca haklar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>e\u015fit oy hakk\u0131 (\u201cher ortak bir oy\u201d),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>k\u00e2r pay\u0131 de\u011fil\u00a0<strong>gelir\u2013gider fark\u0131ndan pay<\/strong>\u00a0alma,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bilgi alma,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>genel kurulda denetim.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Organlar ve Y\u00f6netim<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tar\u0131msal kooperatiflerde organlar 1163 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019a uygun olarak olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Genel Kurul<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kooperatifin en \u00fcst karar organ\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm ortaklar kat\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6revleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>y\u00f6netim ve denetim kurullar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mek,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>b\u00fct\u00e7e ve bilan\u00e7oyu onaylamak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00fcst birliklere kat\u0131l\u0131m karar\u0131 almak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ta\u015f\u0131nmaz al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli kararlar\u0131 almak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Y\u00f6netim Kurulu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kooperatifi temsil ve idare eden organd\u0131r. \u00dcyeleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>kooperatif i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapabilir,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>istihdam sa\u011flayabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Denetim Kurulu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kooperatifin mali ve idari i\u015flerini denetler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Devletle Hukuki \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tar\u0131msal kooperatifler \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015fisi olmakla birlikte devletle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bakanl\u0131k Denetimi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tar\u0131msal kooperatifler \u00fczerinde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>idari denetim,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>uyum denetimi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mali denetim<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">yetkisine sahiptir. Bu denetim&nbsp;<strong>kamu otoritesi denetimi<\/strong>&nbsp;olmakla birlikte kooperatifin \u00f6zel hukuk niteli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Devlet Destekleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kooperatifler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>faizsiz kredi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hibe destek,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>proje destekleri,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>yat\u0131r\u0131m te\u015fvikleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">gibi imk\u00e2nlardan yararlanabilir. Bu destekler, Anayasa\u2019daki te\u015fvik amac\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kooperatiflerin Birlik Yap\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tar\u0131msal kooperatifler tek ba\u015f\u0131na faaliyet g\u00f6sterebildi\u011fi gibi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>il d\u00fczeyinde birlikler,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>b\u00f6lge birlikleri,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>merkez birlikleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u015feklinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenebilir. Bu yap\u0131 2012 tarihli \u201cTar\u0131m Sat\u0131\u015f Kooperatif ve Birlikleri Kanunu\u201d ile uyumludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hukuki Sorumluluk<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kooperatifin Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kooperatif t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kendi malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sorumludur,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ortaklar ise sermaye paylar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumludur (aksine h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y\u00f6netim kurulu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>g\u00f6revlerini kusurlu \u015fekilde yerine getirmesi h\u00e2linde,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hem kooperatife hem ortaklara hem de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u015fahsen sorumlu<\/strong>&nbsp;olur (1163 s. K m. 98 vd.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Yarg\u0131 Kararlar\u0131nda Tar\u0131msal Kooperatifler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 hususlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kooperatifler\u00a0<strong>\u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015fisi<\/strong>dir, idari yarg\u0131 de\u011fil adli yarg\u0131 g\u00f6revlidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kooperatif \u00fcyeli\u011fi,\u00a0<strong>\u015firket ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 niteli\u011findedir<\/strong>, bir kamu g\u00f6revi de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeleri,\u00a0<strong>\u00f6zen ve sadakat borcu<\/strong>\u00a0gere\u011fi kusurlar\u0131ndan sorumludur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Genel kurul kararlar\u0131, iptal davas\u0131na konu olabilir ve\u00a0<strong>ticaret mahkemelerinde<\/strong>\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u0130sterseniz numaral\u0131 ve tam k\u00fcnyeli kararlar\u0131 da ekleyebilirim.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tar\u0131msal ama\u00e7l\u0131 kooperatifler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de k\u0131rsal kalk\u0131nman\u0131n lokomotiflerinden biridir. Hukuki stat\u00fcleri, \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015fisi olarak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6nemi ve Anayasa\u2019daki te\u015fvik amac\u0131 nedeniyle devletle yak\u0131n bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7indedir. Demokratik i\u015fleyi\u015f, \u00fcyelerin ekonomik menfaatlerinin korunmas\u0131, devlet desteklerinden yararlanma ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir denetim mekanizmas\u0131, bu kooperatiflerin hukuki yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen temel unsurlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kooperatiflerin hukuki stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, hem uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar hem de yarg\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131makta; \u00f6zellikle tar\u0131m politikalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinde kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fin daha etkin bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tar\u0131msal ama\u00e7l\u0131 kooperatifler, \u00f6zellikle k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde \u00fcreticilerin ekonomik ve sosyal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kolektif \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan, demokratik esaslara g\u00f6re kurulan ve kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00fcden kurulu\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kooperatifler, anayasal d\u00fczeyde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f (AY m. 171) olup, tar\u0131msal kooperatifler hem 1163 say\u0131l\u0131 Kooperatifler Kanunu hem de Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu makalenin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2780,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diger-davalar-ve-emsal-kararlar","category-hukuk-gundem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2800"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2800\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2801,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2800\/revisions\/2801"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}