\u0130\u015fe iade davalar\u0131, 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 18\u201321. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi rejiminin temelini olu\u015fturur. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 2015\/7398 E., 2015\/15886 K.; 2015\/24540 E., 2015\/35034 K.; ve 2018\/1601 E., 2018\/5819 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek, feshin hakl\u0131 ve ge\u00e7erli neden ayr\u0131m\u0131, e\u015fit davranma ilkesi, sendikal nedenle fesihte ispat y\u00fck\u00fc ve bekletici mesele kurumunun i\u015fe iade davalar\u0131ndaki etkisi incelenmektedir. Kararlar, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi hukukunda normatif ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n uygulamadaki yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f g\u00fcvencesi sistemi, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan tek tarafl\u0131 feshi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iyi korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 bir denetim mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu, belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin feshi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cge\u00e7erli neden\u201d \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015f; bu \u015fart\u0131n yarg\u0131sal denetimini ise i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 yoluyla g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Uygulamada en \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan hususlar; feshin hakl\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa ge\u00e7erli nedene mi dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u015fit davranma ilkesinin ihlalinin feshe etkisi, sendikal nedenle fesih iddialar\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve feshe dayanak olay\u0131n ba\u015fka bir davan\u0131n sonucuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde izlenecek usuld\u00fcr. \u0130nceleme konusu \u00fc\u00e7 karar, bu meseleleri farkl\u0131 boyutlar\u0131yla ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2015\/7398 E., 2015\/15886 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararda, davac\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ile ba\u015fka bir i\u015f\u00e7i aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan tart\u0131\u015fma sonras\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca davac\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25\/II maddesi uyar\u0131nca feshedildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi feshedilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daire, i\u015fverenin e\u015fit davranma borcuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket etti\u011fini kabul etmekle birlikte, bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n feshin hukuki niteli\u011fini otomatik olarak ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Kararda, davac\u0131n\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fyerinde olumsuzluklara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle feshin hakl\u0131 neden olu\u015fturmasa da ge\u00e7erli nedene dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, hakl\u0131 neden ile ge\u00e7erli neden aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nemini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Hakl\u0131 neden, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini derhal sona erdiren a\u011f\u0131r bir ihlali ifade ederken; ge\u00e7erli neden, i\u015fyerinin d\u00fczenini ve i\u015f ili\u015fkisini olumsuz etkileyen, ancak derhal feshi zorunlu k\u0131lmayan halleri kapsar. Daire\u2019nin de\u011ferlendirmesi, e\u015fit davranma ilkesinin ihlalinin her durumda i\u015fe iade sonucunu do\u011furmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131; ihlalin ancak feshin ge\u00e7erli nedene dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda belirleyici olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu karar, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi sisteminde \u201chakl\u0131l\u0131k\u201d ile \u201cge\u00e7erlilik\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2015\/24540 E., 2015\/35034 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararda davac\u0131, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sendikal faaliyetleri nedeniyle feshedildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yerel mahkeme, feshin sendikal nedene dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f; feshin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fine, i\u015fe iadeye ve sendikal tazminata h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daire incelemesinde, 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 20\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca feshin ge\u00e7erli nedene dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fverene ait oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar ve Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kanunu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sendikal nedenle fesih iddias\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan ispatlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Somut olayda, i\u015fyerinde halen sendikal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sendikal nedenle fesih iddias\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen somut verilerin yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle sendikal tazminat ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak i\u015fverenin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc fesih nedeninin de ispatlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilerek feshin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fine ve i\u015fe iadeye karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karar, iki \u00f6nemli sonucu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak, i\u015fveren ge\u00e7erli nedeni ispatlayamazsa fesih ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130kinci olarak, i\u015f\u00e7i sendikal nedenle fesih iddias\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ve somut delillerle ispatlamak zorundad\u0131r. Sendikal fesih iddias\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlanamamas\u0131, feshin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez; yaln\u0131zca sendikal tazminat sonucunu ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, i\u015fe iade davalar\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc ve dinamik bir yap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2018\/1601 E., 2018\/5819 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararda, muhasebe m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan davac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revini gere\u011fi gibi yerine getirmemesi nedeniyle i\u015fverenin ihaleyi kaybetti\u011fi ve maddi zarara u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fveren, zarar\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve feshi bu olaya dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yerel mahkeme, zarar davas\u0131 kesinle\u015fmeden i\u015fe iade talebini kabul etmi\u015ftir. Daire ise, feshe dayanak yap\u0131lan zarar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve davac\u0131n\u0131n kusurunun belirlenmesinin, fesih de\u011ferlendirmesini do\u011frudan etkileyece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Zarar davas\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesinin beklenmesi gerekti\u011fi, aksi h\u00e2lde eksik inceleme ile karar verilmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilerek h\u00fck\u00fcm bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu karar, i\u015fe iade davalar\u0131nda bekletici mesele kurumunun \u00f6nemini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Fesih gerek\u00e7esi ba\u015fka bir davan\u0131n sonucuna ba\u011fl\u0131 ise, o davan\u0131n sonucu beklenmeli ve fesih hukuki nitelendirmesi buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisini zedeleyen ve maddi zarara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen davran\u0131\u015flarda, kusur ve zarar tespiti fesih de\u011ferlendirmesinin temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daire\u2019nin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7eli\u015fkili kararlar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan usul ekonomisi ile hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ilkelerinin birlikte g\u00f6zetildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ncelenen kararlar birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, i\u015fe iade davalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u015fu temel ilkeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu kararlar, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi hukukunun salt \u015fekli bir denetim mekanizmas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; maddi olgular\u0131n, ispat rejiminin ve usul kurallar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi \u00e7ok boyutlu bir alan oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130\u015fe iade davalar\u0131nda denge, bir yandan i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f g\u00fcvencesini korurken di\u011fer yandan i\u015fverenin y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131 ve i\u015fletmesel gerekliliklerini g\u00f6zeten bir yarg\u0131sal yakla\u015f\u0131m ile sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi kararlar\u0131, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi sisteminin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ve uygulama esaslar\u0131n\u0131 somutla\u015ft\u0131rmakta; \u00f6zellikle fesih t\u00fcrlerinin nitelendirilmesi, sendikal iddialar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve bekletici mesele kurumunun uygulanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011fretici bir i\u00e7tihat b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130\u015fe iade davalar\u0131, 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 18\u201321. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi rejiminin temelini olu\u015fturur. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 2015\/7398 E., 2015\/15886 K.; 2015\/24540 E., 2015\/35034 K.; ve 2018\/1601 E., 2018\/5819 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek, feshin hakl\u0131 ve ge\u00e7erli neden ayr\u0131m\u0131, e\u015fit davranma ilkesi, sendikal nedenle fesihte ispat y\u00fck\u00fc ve bekletici mesele […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1964,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-is-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2597"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2598,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2597\/revisions\/2598"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1964"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}