K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin belirli bir s\u00fcre ayn\u0131 i\u015fverene ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde i\u015fverence \u00f6denen bir i\u015f\u00e7ilik alaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk i\u015f hukukunda k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131ndaki eme\u011finin korunmas\u0131 ve i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin sona ermesi nedeniyle u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik kayb\u0131n telafi edilmesi amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Her ne kadar 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olsa da k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na ili\u015fkin temel d\u00fczenleme h\u00e2len m\u00fclga 1475 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 14. maddesinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda uygulama b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bu madde \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fekillenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem Tazminat\u0131 Nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1475 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 14. maddesine g\u00f6re i\u015f\u00e7inin en az bir y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla belirli nedenlerle i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesi h\u00e2linde k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na hak kazanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Maddeye g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cBu Kanuna tabi i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hizmet akitlerinin:
\u0130\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan bu Kanunun 17 nci maddesinin II numaral\u0131 bendinde g\u00f6sterilen sebepler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda,
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan bu Kanunun 16 nc\u0131 maddesi uyar\u0131nca,
Muvazzaf askerlik hizmeti dolay\u0131s\u0131yla,
Ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 kanunla kurulu kurum veya sand\u0131klardan ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, emeklilik veya malull\u00fck ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yahut toptan \u00f6deme almak amac\u0131yla,
Kad\u0131n\u0131n evlendi\u011fi tarihten itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde kendi arzusu ile,
\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sebebiyle,
sona ermesi h\u00e2linde i\u015f\u00e7iye k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 \u00f6denir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle her i\u015ften ayr\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i otomatik olarak k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na hak kazanmaz. Kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem Tazminat\u0131na Hak Kazand\u0131ran Durumlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 alabilmesi i\u00e7in en az bir y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u0131deme sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bunun yan\u0131nda i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin belirli nedenlerle sona ermesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u015fl\u0131ca k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 sebepleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* \u0130\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan haks\u0131z fesih yap\u0131lmas\u0131,
* \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin hakl\u0131 nedenle i\u015fi b\u0131rakmas\u0131,
* Emeklilik,
* Askerlik,
* Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin evlilik nedeniyle ayr\u0131lmas\u0131,
* \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc,
* 15 y\u0131l ve 3600 g\u00fcn \u015fart\u0131yla SGK yaz\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k i\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 nedenle feshi h\u00e2linde i\u015f\u00e7i k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 alamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k,
* G\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma,
* Devams\u0131zl\u0131k,
* \u0130\u015fverene a\u011f\u0131r hakaret<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gibi durumlarda i\u015fveren hakl\u0131 fesih yapabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem Tazminat\u0131 Hesab\u0131na Neler Dahildir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 hesaplan\u0131rken yaln\u0131zca \u00e7\u0131plak maa\u015f dikkate al\u0131nmaz. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iye sa\u011flanan s\u00fcreklilik arz eden para ve para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen menfaatler de hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na dahil edilebilecek ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6demeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* \u00c7\u0131plak \u00fccret, (Fesin Tarihinde Son Temel Br\u00fct \u00dccret)
* Yol yard\u0131m\u0131,
* Yemek yard\u0131m\u0131,
* D\u00fczenli prim \u00f6demeleri,
* Yakacak yard\u0131m\u0131,
* \u0130kramiye,
* S\u00fcrekli sosyal yard\u0131mlar,
* D\u00fczenli yak\u0131t veya servis deste\u011fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ar\u0131zi \u00f6demeler ve s\u00fcreklilik g\u00f6stermeyen yard\u0131mlar genellikle hesaba dahil edilmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin tek seferlik bayram yard\u0131m\u0131 veya performansa ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00fczensiz \u00f6deme baz\u0131 durumlarda hesap d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem Tazminat\u0131 Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7iye her tam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck br\u00fct \u00fccret tutar\u0131nda k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 \u00f6denir. Artan s\u00fcreler ise orant\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin 5 y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i, 5 ayl\u0131k br\u00fct \u00fccret tutar\u0131nda k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na hak kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 hesab\u0131nda damga vergisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kesinti yap\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin son br\u00fct \u00fccreti esas al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Ancak burada yaln\u0131zca maa\u015f de\u011fil, d\u00fczenli ek \u00f6demeler de dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem Tazminat\u0131 Tavan\u0131 Nas\u0131l Belirlenir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli konulardan biri tavan uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. Devlet, i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00f6denecek k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r belirlemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1475 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 14. maddesine g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cToplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle ve hizmet akitleriyle belirlenen k\u0131dem tazminatlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k miktar\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanununa tabi en y\u00fcksek devlet memuruna bir hizmet y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6denecek azami emeklilik ikramiyesini ge\u00e7emez.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle i\u015f\u00e7inin maa\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olsa bile \u00f6denecek k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 belirlenen tavan\u0131 a\u015famaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 tavan\u0131 her y\u0131l Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcncellenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Uygulamada \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tavan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arabuluculuk S\u00fcreci<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7036 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Mahkemeleri Kanunu gere\u011fince i\u015f\u00e7i alacaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dava a\u00e7madan \u00f6nce zorunlu arabuluculuk s\u00fcrecine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 talep eden i\u015f\u00e7i do\u011frudan dava a\u00e7amaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6nce arabuluculuk b\u00fcrosuna ba\u015fvuru yapar. Taraflara toplant\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc bildirilir ve anla\u015fma sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arabuluculuk s\u00fcrecinde;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131,
* \u0130hbar tazminat\u0131,
* Fazla mesai,
* Y\u0131ll\u0131k izin alaca\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gibi talepler birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Taraflar anla\u015f\u0131rsa tutanak ilam niteli\u011finde belge say\u0131l\u0131r ve icra edilebilir h\u00e2le gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dava S\u00fcreci<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arabuluculukta anla\u015fma sa\u011flanamazsa i\u015f\u00e7i \u0130\u015f Mahkemesi\u2019nde dava a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mahkeme s\u00fcrecinde genellikle;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* SGK kay\u0131tlar\u0131,
* Bordrolar,
* Banka kay\u0131tlar\u0131,
* Tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131,
* Puantaj kay\u0131tlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
incelenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 hesaplamas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bilirki\u015fi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fverenin \u00f6deme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle elden \u00f6deme savunmalar\u0131 uygulamada s\u0131k\u00e7a uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mahkeme, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona erme nedenini ve i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresini de\u011ferlendirerek karar vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Faiz ve Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131nda fesih tarihinden itibaren mevduata uygulanan en y\u00fcksek banka faizi uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi ise 5 y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle i\u015f\u00e7inin hak kayb\u0131 ya\u015famamas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcreci zaman\u0131nda ba\u015flatmas\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin uzun s\u00fcreli eme\u011fini koruyan en \u00f6nemli i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131ndan biridir. Ancak k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na hak kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 belirli \u015fartlara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve her i\u015ften ayr\u0131lma h\u00e2linde otomatik olarak do\u011fmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hesaplamada yaln\u0131zca maa\u015f de\u011fil, d\u00fczenli sosyal haklar da dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan devlet taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen tavan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arabuluculuk s\u00fcreci i\u015f davalar\u0131nda zorunlu oldu\u011fundan, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131 dava \u00f6ncesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen anla\u015fma sa\u011flanamayan durumlarda i\u015f mahkemelerinde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin hukuki ve mali y\u00f6nleri dikkatle de\u011ferlendirilmeli, hak kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrecin uzman deste\u011fiyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin belirli bir s\u00fcre ayn\u0131 i\u015fverene ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde i\u015fverence \u00f6denen bir i\u015f\u00e7ilik alaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk i\u015f hukukunda k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131ndaki eme\u011finin korunmas\u0131 ve i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin sona ermesi nedeniyle u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik kayb\u0131n telafi edilmesi amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Her ne kadar 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olsa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1965,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[190,222],"class_list":["post-2580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-is-hukuku","tag-isci","tag-kidem-tazminati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2580"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2581,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2580\/revisions\/2581"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukuk.name\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}